{"id":20307,"date":"2023-01-13T12:47:30","date_gmt":"2023-01-13T11:47:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/schaltzeit.com\/?p=20307"},"modified":"2026-09-26T23:39:19","modified_gmt":"2026-09-26T21:39:19","slug":"ausgeschlossen-durch-design","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/schaltzeit.com\/en\/excluded-by-design\/","title":{"rendered":"Excluded by design"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"20307\" class=\"elementor elementor-20307\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-295be4e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"295be4e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e5851bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e5851bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><strong>Few people are probably aware that city pigeons were once domesticated animals kept by humans. So they are the descendants of our pets, dependent on us, and we see them every day in our cities and suburbs. Why do we get upset about them when we ourselves \u201ccaused\u201d them, and why do we try to drive them out of our spaces by preventing them from nesting and settling?<\/strong><\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54beecb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"54beecb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>People like to avoid what they don\u2019t want to see. Whether it\u2019s pigeons or the homeless, who seek shelter in shopping arcades, under bridges, or in side streets and want to carry on with lives into which systemic hurdles have often forced them. \u201cHostile architecture\u201d \u2013 also known as \u201cdefensive architecture\u201d \u2013 is a way of driving these \u201csymptoms\u201d out of public space. At first glance, this happens inconspicuously and is often perceived as a decorative element, which is what makes it so dangerous. Elements of urban design are used in such a way that the behavior of the homeless is restricted and steered to the point where they cannot make certain places their \u201chome\u201d either. Design is used to restrict physical behavior. And it prevents anyone from resting or setting up a place to sleep on a park bench. Other examples include sloped windowsills, benches with armrests, water sprinklers, and trash cans with extra-small openings.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f04b4f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1f04b4f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2acfcfb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2acfcfb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61c8b04 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"61c8b04\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\"><p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Our war on wildlife: now birds are not allowed in trees...?! Pigeon spikes spotted in Clifton, Bristol above a car park. Has anyone seen this before? How is it allowed?!<br>\ud83d\udcf7: thanks to Anna Francis <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/NuG9WvYBMj\" rel=\"nofollow\">pic.twitter.com\/NuG9WvYBMj<\/a><\/p>&mdash; Jennifer Garrett (@JMAGarrett) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/JMAGarrett\/status\/942719473685008384?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">December 18, 2017<\/a><\/blockquote> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5fa838d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5fa838d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8dbdb88 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8dbdb88\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72bf8d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"72bf8d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"728\" height=\"410\" src=\"https:\/\/schaltzeit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/30369_1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-20354\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/schaltzeit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/30369_1.jpg 728w, https:\/\/schaltzeit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/30369_1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/schaltzeit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/30369_1-18x10.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 728px) 100vw, 728px\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e3a18e9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e3a18e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Decoratively curved bench that makes lying down difficult. 20 examples of how cities have &#8220;solved&#8221; the problem of homeless people sleeping rough, at Curioctopus (image: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.curioctopus.de\/read\/30369\/feindselige-architektur:-20-beispiele-dafur-wie-stadte-das-problem-des-biwakierens-von-obdachlosen-gelost-haben\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Curioctopus.de)<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35da0d3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"35da0d3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11ea8fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"11ea8fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/schaltzeit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Hostile_Architecture_Bench-1024x768.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-20355\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/schaltzeit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Hostile_Architecture_Bench-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/schaltzeit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Hostile_Architecture_Bench-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/schaltzeit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Hostile_Architecture_Bench-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/schaltzeit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Hostile_Architecture_Bench-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/schaltzeit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Hostile_Architecture_Bench.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45a727f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"45a727f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Park bench with armrests that makes lying down impossible (image: <a href=\"https:\/\/schaltzeit.com\/en\/world-futures-day\/\">The Ludlow Group)<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97ceb62 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97ceb62\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBesides driving the homeless out of public space, this kind of architecture is also used to prevent skateboarding, littering, public urination, and trespassing. Can that be right? Generally, no. But would we still think so if many park benches were always occupied by the homeless? If people skateboarded in places meant for relaxation, more trash lay around, and public urination or trespassing were easier? Because defensive architecture is used against these things, too. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-91d3f94 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"91d3f94\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe aim is to achieve a higher so-called sense of security. This raises the question of whose security and protection is being ensured in this case. Not that of those who are driven away. This form of architecture is therefore a sign of what people do to the homeless every day. In theory, they are part of society and should be offered protection like everyone else. In fact, they are not \u2013 and this is also conveyed to them by restricting their scope for action so much that they are discriminated against and made to feel unwelcome. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a31f9a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7a31f9a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe real problem with hostile architecture can be seen in the attempt to conceal homelessness. Everyone knows it exists, but humans are not only \u201ccreatures of habit\u201d but also \u201ccreatures of denial,\u201d which is why problems we don\u2019t see apparently seem less relevant and offensive. Hostile architecture, however, doesn\u2019t solve the problem; it only alleviates the symptom.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b31553 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6b31553\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What should happen in the future so that we do more than just alleviate the symptoms? <\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f7ee1c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f7ee1c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>First of all, the homeless must be seen as part of society, whose needs are guaranteed to be met. They should be given protection instead of just protecting everyone else from being bothered. It is also morally questionable to drive the homeless away without giving them sufficient alternatives. Practical options include expanding social housing, simplifying applications for social benefits, expanding social work, and providing free public toilets. Existing overnight shelters also often make things even harder for the homeless, for example by requiring a bank account, proof of insurance, or excessive fees, which under certain circumstances is impossible to manage.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-708cbb0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"708cbb0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-92d035a elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"92d035a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/watch?v=oNcd_yQmNrg&amp;t=133s&quot;,&quot;lazy_load&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-video\"><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-487f3c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"487f3c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u201cNicht mal das Mindeste\u201d (\u201cNot even the bare minimum\u201d) \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=oNcd_yQmNrg&amp;t=133s\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Disarstar<\/a> has published a political video statement on homelessness and inequality of opportunity in Germany<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f67edd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2f67edd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tArtists are showing creative ways to draw attention to this often invisible problem. As part of his campaign \u201cNicht mal das Mindeste\u201d (\u201cNot even the bare minimum\u201d), Hamburg rapper \u201cDisarstar\u201d converts defensive architecture in public space into places for the homeless to sleep, using his reach to expose the grievances.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd8ed6f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cd8ed6f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b7dfbe e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1b7dfbe\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5024d2e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5024d2e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-92ce3fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"92ce3fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"660\" height=\"439\" src=\"https:\/\/schaltzeit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/funny-clothing1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-20324\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/schaltzeit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/funny-clothing1.jpg 660w, https:\/\/schaltzeit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/funny-clothing1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/schaltzeit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/funny-clothing1-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 660px) 100vw, 660px\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b41634 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9b41634\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1bf6493 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1bf6493\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"660\" height=\"436\" src=\"https:\/\/schaltzeit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/funny-clothing2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-20325\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/schaltzeit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/funny-clothing2.jpg 660w, https:\/\/schaltzeit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/funny-clothing2-300x198.jpg 300w, https:\/\/schaltzeit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/funny-clothing2-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 660px) 100vw, 660px\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dbe24fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dbe24fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u201cArchisuits\u201d as a response to defensive architecture by Sarah Ross (image: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sadanduseless.com\/archisuits-sarah-ross\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Sad &#038; Useless<\/a>)\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1af6e4f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1af6e4f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWith her ironic clothing line \u201cArchisuits,\u201d designer Sarah Ross draws attention to defensive architecture in public space \u2013 her garments let people lie down on a bench with armrests anyway, as in the following image.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a88b95e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a88b95e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-751ba95 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"751ba95\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66dc036 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"66dc036\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95bbe73 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"95bbe73\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"679\" src=\"https:\/\/schaltzeit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/defensive-architektur5-1024x679.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-20338\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/schaltzeit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/defensive-architektur5-1024x679.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/schaltzeit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/defensive-architektur5-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/schaltzeit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/defensive-architektur5-768x509.jpg 768w, https:\/\/schaltzeit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/defensive-architektur5-1536x1018.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/schaltzeit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/defensive-architektur5-2048x1357.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/schaltzeit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/defensive-architektur5-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f4dee2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4f4dee2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDefensive architecture or a prison? Photo series of anti-homeless architecture, seen at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluter.de\/platzverbot\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">fluter.de<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e93665 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e93665\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-07f93a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"07f93a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Did you notice that the words \u201cpeople\u201d and \u201chumans\u201d were used in this article for everyone except the homeless? And if not, why do you think you didn\u2019t notice? Perhaps the first step toward seeing everyone as part of society and guaranteeing them their human needs happens in each individual\u2019s mind. We should strive for architecture and urban planning in our cities that not only protect privileged people but also don\u2019t deny less privileged people entry into society like an inverted prison.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea59823 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"ea59823\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e91c5d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e91c5d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Further links on hostile architecture<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61e6e92 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"61e6e92\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ruhrpottmoewen.de\/Schutz\/Woher.php\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Woher kommt die Stadttaube &#8211; Ruhrpottm\u00f6wen e.V. (ruhrpottmoewen.de)<\/a><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=oNcd_yQmNrg&amp;t=133s\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><em>NICHT MAL DAS MINDESTE &#8211; Y<\/em><em>ouTube<\/em><\/a><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.br.de\/radio\/bayern2\/sendungen\/zuendfunk\/disarstar-gegen-obdachlosen-feindliche-architektur-100.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><em>Disarstar: Dieser Rapper flext obdachlosenfeindliche Architektur weg | Z\u00fcndfunk | Bay<\/em><em>ern 2 | Radio | BR.de<\/em><\/a><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/style\/article\/new-dean-harvey-james-furzer-hostile-architecture-debate\/index.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">The great debate: Is hostile architecture designing people out of cities? &#8211; CNN Style<\/a><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/kurt.digital\/2022\/09\/28\/armlehnen-und-metallstacheln-wenn-architektur-feindlich-wird\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Armlehnen und Metallstacheln: Wenn Architektur feindlich wird \u2013 Kurt<\/a><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spiegel.de\/kultur\/obdachlosigkeit-in-deutschland-einfach-kurz-mal-sein-duerfen-kolumne-a-16f233bb-047e-42ad-bf4f-2d233858e457\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Obdachlosigkeit in Deutschland: Einfach kurz mal sein d\u00fcrfen &#8211; Kolumne &#8211; DER SPIEGEL<\/a><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/style\/article\/new-dean-harvey-james-furzer-hostile-architecture-debate\/index.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">The great debate: Is hostile architecture designing people out of cities? &#8211; CNN Style<\/a><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hostile_architecture\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Hostile architecture &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/2000114816270\/gitter-dornen-stacheln-architektur-die-sich-gegen-obdachlose-richtet\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Gitter, Dornen, Stacheln: Architektur, die sich gegen Obdachlose richtet &#8211; Architektur &amp; Stadt &#8211; derStandard.at \u203a Immobilien<\/a><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theludlowgroup.com\/2018\/03\/01\/the-discussion-on-hostile-architecture-a-public-service-or-infringement-on-human-rights\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">The Discussion On Hostile Architecture: A Public Service Or Infringement On Human Rights? (theludlowgroup.com)<\/a><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.curioctopus.de\/read\/30369\/feindselige-architektur:-20-beispiele-dafur-wie-stadte-das-problem-des-biwakierens-von-obdachlosen-gelost-haben\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Feindselige Architektur: 20 Beispiele daf\u00fcr, wie St\u00e4dte das Problem des Biwakierens von Obdachlosen &#8222;gel\u00f6st&#8220; haben &#8211; Curioctopus.de<\/a><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nw.de\/blogs\/tiere_und_natur\/22011163_Gegen-Kot-Reiche-Briten-installieren-Anti-Vogel-Spikes-auf-Baeumen.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Briten installieren Anti-Vogel-Spikes auf B\u00e4umen | nw.de<\/a><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluter.de\/platzverbot\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Fotostrecke Anti-Obdachlosen-Architektur (fluter.de)<\/a><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sadanduseless.com\/archisuits-sarah-ross\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Artist Creates Wearable Workarounds For \u201cHostile Architecture\u201d (sadanduseless.com)<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Few people are probably aware that city pigeons were once domesticated animals kept by humans. So they are the descendants of our pets, dependent on us, and we see them every day in our cities and suburbs. Why do we get upset about them when we ourselves \u201ccaused\u201d them, and why do we try to drive them out of our spaces by preventing them from nesting and settling? <\/p>","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":20379,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","_ppma_block_editor_authors":""},"categories":[220],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[312],"class_list":["post-20307","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gesellschaft"],"acf":[],"authors":[{"term_id":312,"user_id":22,"is_guest":0,"slug":"charlottewindolfsz","display_name":"Charlotte Windolf","avatar_url":"http:\/\/schaltzeit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/cropped-DSC03042_purple_avatar_cw-96x96.jpg","author_category":"","first_name":"Charlotte","user_url":"","job_title":"","description":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/schaltzeit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20307","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/schaltzeit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/schaltzeit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/schaltzeit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/22"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/schaltzeit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20307"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/schaltzeit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20307\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":98907,"href":"https:\/\/schaltzeit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20307\/revisions\/98907"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/schaltzeit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20379"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/schaltzeit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20307"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/schaltzeit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20307"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/schaltzeit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20307"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/schaltzeit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=20307"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}